Morichika Takita    Department   School of Medicine, School of Medicine    Position   Assistant Professor
Language	Japanese
Category	Single work
Title	Bone Metastatic niches regulate both bone metastasis and bone lesion in cancer
Book title	Journal of Tokyo Women's Medical University
ISBN	2432-6178
Edition, Volume, Page	87,4,pp.81-88
Total page number	8
Publisher	The Society of Tokyo Women's Medical University
Publication place (City and country)	Tokyo, Japan
Author and coauthor	Morichika Takita
Publication date	2017/08
Summary	Cancer is the primary cause of deaths in Japan. Both cancer metastasis and relapse are the major issues, which have not been overcome until now. Cancer cells preferentially metastasize from the primary tumor to the distant target organs. Especially, carcinomas originating from the breast and prostate preferentially metastasize to the bone. However, the mechanism underlying bone-tropic metastasis has been unclear for long time. In recent years, metastatic niches, which are microenvironments that support both metastasis and relapse of cancer, are proposed. These niches are formed before or after the arrival of cancer cells to the distant target organs. In this review, I focus on the bone metastatic niche and introduce the mechanisms underlying bone-tropic metastasis induced by the bone metastatic niche regulators. In the pre-metastatic phase, primary tumor-derived pre-metastatic niche regulators, such as receptor tyrosine kinase MET and lysyl oxidase, can induce the pre-metastatic niche to support metastatic growth of cancer in the bone. However, post-metastatic niche regulators, such as VCAM-1, TGF-β, PGE2, IL-6, and periostin, were produced after the arrival of a minor population of cancer cells, such as cancer stem cells, and supported tumor dormancy, relapse, and bone lesions. Taken together, the bone-tropic metastasis may be accomplished by the cell-to-cell interaction between cancer cells and host cells forming the bone metastatic niche through the bone metastatic niche regulators. In the future, development of novel molecular medicines targeting the bone metastatic niche regulators would be desirable to prevent the formation of metastatic niches in the bone.