IWASHITA Hanako    Department   School of Medicine, School of Medicine    Position   Assistant Professor
Article types	Original article
Language	English
Peer review	Peer reviewed
Title	Molecular epidemiology of Giardia spp. in northern Vietnam: Potential transmission between animals and humans.
Journal	Formal name：Parasite epidemiology and control Abbreviation：Parasite Epidemiol Control ISSN code：24056731/24056731
Domestic / Foregin	Foregin
Volume, Issue, Page	12,pp.e00193
Author and coauthor	Iwashita Hanako, Sugamoto Tetsuhiro, Takemura Taichiro, Tokizawa Asako, Thiem Vu Dinh, Nguyen Tuan Hai, Pham Tho Duc, Tran Na Ly, Doan Hang Thi, Pham Anh Hong Quynh, Yamashiro Tetsu
Publication date	2021/02
Summary	Giardia spp. is detected frequently in humans and animals. Although many studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of giardiasis, there is a scarcity of information on the genetic diversity and the dynamics of transmission of Giardia spp. in Vietnam. The zoonotic potential of Giardia spp. remains elusive. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of Giardia spp. in both humans and livestock to assess the existence of a route of infection between livestock and humans. Our goal was to assess the role animals play in the epidemiology of human infection in northern Vietnam. In Hien Khanh commune in northern Vietnam, 311 households with 1508 residents were randomly selected for a diarrheal cohort study. Of these, 2120 human diarrheal samples were collected from 1508 residents in 2014 and 2017. Of these, non-diarrheal samples were cross-sectionally collected from 471 residents. At the same site, livestock samples from buffalo, dairy and beef cattle, pigs, and dogs were collected. All stool samples were examined for Giardia spp. by Direct Immunofluorescence Assay (DFA) using fluorescent microscope. DNA extraction, PCR analysis of the 3 genes (bg, gdh, tpi), and sequencing analysis were continuously carried out. A total of 23 animal stool samples, 8 human non-diarrheal samples, and 36 human diarrheal samples were Giardia spp. were positive by PCR using the bg and gdh genes. Giardia spp. assemblage AII and E were detected in both animal samples and human samples in this study site. The detection of assemblage E in human stool samples suggests the first human case report in Vietnam. We assume that the unexpected human infection of all Giardia assemblages including A, B, and E may be due to an environment contaminated with animal and human feces in this village.
DOI	10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00193
PMID	33490658