アラシキ　ノブト   ARASHIKI Nobuto   新敷　信人    所属   医学部 医学科    職種   助教
言語種別	英語
種別	部分執筆
表題	Chapter 6 - Role of Cholesterol in Maintaining Asymmetric Distribution of Phosphatidylserine in Plasma Membranes
書名	The Molecular Nutrition of Fats
担当範囲	Chapter 6
ISBNコード	9780128112977
編者名	Vinood Patel
版・巻・頁	pp.77-86
総ページ数	444
出版社	ACADEMIC PRESS
出版地 （都市, 国名）	Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
著者・共著者	Nobuto Arashiki, Yuichi Takakuwa
発行年月	2019/01
概要	Cholesterol, an essential lipid component of plasma membranes, regulates membrane fluidity and the formation of lipid rafts. Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed between the lipid bilayer in plasma membranes; notably, phosphatidylserine (a bioactive phospholipid) is distributed solely in the inner leaflet. However, its distribution is disrupted (exposed to the outer leaflet) during cell death and several other cellular reactions. Recent studies have shown that cholesterol has a novel function in regulating the asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylserine. In this chapter, we explain the physiological significance and regulatory mechanisms of phosphatidylserine distribution in human erythrocytes (see Section 2), with an in-depth understanding of its relation to cholesterol, and further examine this more concisely in platelets (see Section 3) and apoptotic cells (see Section 4), with a discussion on the latest findings. Finally, we discuss an innate evolutionary insurance against the complete loss of flippase activity, and the appropriate selection of scramblases in these 3 cell types.